Reading text aloud provides a way to help all students access the material and develops their skills as active listeners. Listening to proficient readers provides a model for fluent reading and can help students, especially ELL students, recognize how to pronounce unfamiliar words. By inviting students to read, this strategy encourages class ...Sep 11, 2023 · But reading aloud can seem a little daunting, especially if you’re a new teacher. These 10 read-aloud tips from experienced teachers will help you build your story time skills and take your read-alouds to the next level. 1. Practice, practice, practice: Leana Malinowsky, a second-grade teacher in New Jersey, has been teaching for 13 years ... Nov 15, 2019 · Reading aloud is the foundation for literacy development. It is the single most important activity for reading success (Neuman, Copple, and Bredekamp 2000). The reader's pauses and emphases allow students to better understand the phrasing and fluency of the language and to hear new vocabulary and the way the words are used (Fountas and Pinnell ... Oct 4, 2023 · 2. Reading aloud promotes active engagement. One challenge in learning is passive reading, in which we skim through the material without real engagement, leading to shallow understanding and weak retention. Reading aloud changes this by making reading more dynamic and participatory. Volunteer reads to a girl at the Casa Hogar de las Niñas in Mexico City Woman reading on a train ride to pass the time, June 1974. Reading is generally an individual activity, done …Simply scan your reading and have it read aloud up to 5x the speed. Get more productive, retain, and understand more in a shorter amount of time. For professionals Graduated law school? Passed the Bar? Writer, doctor, engineer, professor, or any profession that requires plenty of reading, TTS is a great tool to help simplify a productive life.Pete Seeger joins host LeVar Burton to read (and sing) the classic African folktale 'Abiyoyo' on Reading Rainbow. In this complete Reading Rainbow segment f...Reading aloud, the teacher models “expressiveness and the sound of the author’s prose,” Lemov writes, “bringing the book to life.”. The teacher may add “brief pauses to explain or pronounce vocabulary …The emotional benefits of reading aloud. Reading with your child is a practice that creates space for deeper independent learning and exploring. It doesn't matter if it's a traditional book ... Reading aloud is, according to the landmark 1985 report "Becoming a Nation of Readers," "the single most important activity for building the knowledge required for eventual success in reading." Despite this advice, however, some educators and many parents don't read aloud to children from a young age and thus fail to nurture avid and skilled ... NaturalReader is text to speech app that reads text, PDF, webpages, and eBooks aloud to you with our quality, natural-sounding AI voices. NaturalReader is an essential tool for those with dyslexia and other reading difficulties. Open up your ears to a new reading experience with over 150 voices in over 20 languages. Just sit back, relax, and let us read to you.Reading aloud is, according to the landmark 1985 report "Becoming a Nation of Readers," "the single most important activity for building the knowledge required for eventual success in reading." Despite this advice, however, some educators and many parents don't read aloud to children from a young age and thus fail to nurture avid and skilled ... In your Kindle book, tap the screen to show the progress bar, and then tap the Play button next to the progress bar to hear the text read aloud. To increase or decrease the reading speed of the Text-to-Speech voice, tap the Narration Speed icon. You can listen to the Text-to-Speech voice through the external speakers on your device or through ... Reading aloud to your child requires only a book - free, with a library card - and your willingness to spend a little quality time with your child. And while the sacrifices to read aloud are few, the benefits are many: Your child may learn to read better, think better, imagine more richly, and become a passionate and lifelong reader.Feb 18, 2020 · It can be so easy to overthink the whole read aloud thing. Try not to. Pick a book you think will be engaging, open it up and read aloud while your kids color. Read for 15 minutes and then do it again the next day. It doesn’t have to be perfect (and it will for sure not be 99% of the time). Just keep going. Reading text aloud provides a way to help all students access the material and develops their skills as active listeners. Listening to proficient readers provides a model for fluent reading and can help students, especially ELL students, recognize how to pronounce unfamiliar words. By inviting students to read, this strategy encourages class ...Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch.. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.. Other types …Reading aloud is one of the most important things parents and teachers can do with children. Reading aloud builds many important foundational skills, introduces …Reading aloud is apparently an indispensible part of teaching. Nevertheless, little is known about reading aloud across the curriculum by students and teachers in high schools. Nor do we ...The stronger reader reads a paragraph or page first, providing a model of fluent reading. Then the less fluent reader reads the same text aloud. The stronger student gives help with word recognition and provides feedback and encouragement to the less fluent partner. The less fluent partner rereads the passage until he or she can read it ...What is a Read Aloud? According to Reading Rockets (n.d.), "reading aloud is one of the most important things parents and teachers can do with children. Reading aloud builds many important foundational skills, introduces vocabulary, provides a model of fluent, expressive reading, and helps children recognize what reading for pleasure is all about".Step 1: Right-click the Start icon and select Installed apps from the list. Step 2: Scroll down to locate the Microsoft Office product on the list. Click the three-dot menu icon next to it and ...Storyline Online - Home. April Featured Videos. Just Added. ALL BOOKS. An Emmy-nominated program of the SAG-AFTRA Foundation, Storyline Online features actors …Reading aloud is the practice of reading from a book out loud to an audience of one or more. By its very nature reading aloud is interactive, sensory and can be hugely exciting for everyone. In Greek and Roman times, reading silently to yourself was frowned upon. It was very popular for people to hold gatherings where they would read …Jan 25, 2019 · Interactive read-aloud is a whole-group instructional context in which you read aloud a selected text to the whole class, occasionally and selectively pausing for conversation. Students think about, talk about, and respond to the text as a whole group or in pairs, triads, or quads. Both reader and listeners actively process the language, ideas ... Infants and toddlers benefit from hearing books read aloud as it builds a lifelong love of reading. Books with simple pictures, repetition, and familiar topics allow children to make connections and build knowledge. ReadingIQ includes hundreds of professionally voiced-over titles that are perfect for pre-readers. As they listen with their families, children … The mere example of my reading aloud had done the trick. They had picked it up through their ears. Expressive reading is remembered. And so it is with our own children. They’ll read with exactly the same expressive inflections as we do, which is why we should make the effort to read aloud with vitality and lots of vocal variation. Section 22 Feb 18, 2020 · It can be so easy to overthink the whole read aloud thing. Try not to. Pick a book you think will be engaging, open it up and read aloud while your kids color. Read for 15 minutes and then do it again the next day. It doesn’t have to be perfect (and it will for sure not be 99% of the time). Just keep going. Mar 29, 2022 · Windows has long offered a screen reader and text-to-speech feature called Narrator. This tool can read web pages, text documents, and other files aloud, as well as speak every action you take in ... Read-aloud is an instruc tional pract ice where teachers, pa rents, and caregi vers read texts aloud to. children and it's known that reading aloud to children builds a nd supports their listening ...Mar 14, 2022 · First, open the document you want to read aloud in Microsoft Word. Next, place the cursor where you want to start listening from or highlight the text that you want to be read aloud. Then, go to the ‘Review’ tab and click the ‘Read Aloud’ button in the ribbon or simply press Alt + Ctrl + Space. Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch.. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.. Other types …Read Aloud 15 MINUTES is a non-profit organization that is bringing together partners nationwide to make 15 minutes of daily reading aloud the new parenting standard. When every child is read aloud to for 15 minutes every day from birth, more children will be ready to learn when they enter kindergarten, more children will have the literacy skills needed …Starting at birth, reading with children puts them on a path to success. What happens during the first few years sets the stage for the rest of a child’s life. Spending time together while reading aloud helps to create strong parent-child bonds and promotes healthy brain development. Children that are read to more often have improved language ... The read-aloud process has enormous benefits to literacy learning. Read-aloud is an instructional practice where teachers, parents, and caregivers read texts aloud to children. The reader incorporates variations in pitch, tone, pace, volume, pauses, eye contact, questions, and comments to produce a fluent and enjoyable delivery. Use Speak to read text aloud. After you have added the Speak command to your Quick Access Toolbar, you can hear single words or blocks of text read aloud by selecting the text you want to hear and then clicking the Speak icon on the Quick Access Toolbar.. Learn more. Listen to your Word documents with Read Aloud. Listen to your Outlook email …How do you make the PDF Read Aloud skip reading Headers and Footers contents? This thread is locked. You can vote as helpful, but you cannot reply or subscribe to this thread. I have the same question (56) Report abuse Report abuse. Type of abuse. Harassment is any behavior intended to disturb or upset a person or group of people. ...The Read Aloud Program. For over 20 years, Read Aloud America’s Read Aloud Program (RAP) has inspired lifetime readers and bonded families. RAP is a festive, school-based program that immerses families through the joy of reading. RAP is intentionally designed to put families at ease. Within a festive atmosphere, whole families enjoy ...The main difference between loud reading and silent reading is that in reading aloud, the reader reads the passage aloud, while in silent reading, the reader does not produce any sound. Both loud reading and silent reading have benefits of their own. Most importantly, loud reading helps the reader to maintain his or her focus on the …Here's how: Launch the PowerPoint desktop application and open any existing document. Select the portion of the text that you want to be read out loud. This will activate the Speak button in the Quick Access Toolbar. Click on Speak and it will start speaking or reading out the selected text. To stop Speak, simply click on Stop Speaking .Here's how: Launch the PowerPoint desktop application and open any existing document. Select the portion of the text that you want to be read out loud. This will activate the Speak button in the Quick Access Toolbar. Click on Speak and it will start speaking or reading out the selected text. To stop Speak, simply click on Stop Speaking .Reading aloud is the practice of reading from a book out loud to an audience of one or more. By its very nature reading aloud is interactive, sensory and can be hugely exciting for everyone. In Greek …Enjoy the classic story of Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Seuss, read aloud with fun animations and catchy rhymes. Will you try them, Sam-I-Am?To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. Click/tap on this button to start. Microsoft Edge will start at the beginning and highlight each word as it goes along. You can control the reading speed and choose …This week, it was suggested that in order to foster a love of reading, parents and teachers should continue reading aloud to children well into their teen years. To get a handle on why doing so is ...Overall, the effect of read aloud tools on reading comprehension found here was significant and positive. However, consistent heterogeneity was found and explored through moderator analyses. For the moderator analyses, only a single, significant moderator emerged, namely whether the study design was a between- or within-subject study.📚📖 Read-Along with PBS KIDS! PBS KIDS. To encourage family engagement and a love of reading at home, PBS KIDS offers families a place to come together and read along with... Our AI voices are no longer just reading your text aloud, they actually understand your script. Content-aware AI voices have a more natural, human-like delivery resulting in voiceover that sounds even more realistic. Text to speech (TTS) is a technology that converts text into spoken audio. It can read aloud PDFs, websites, and books using natural AI voices. Text-to-speech (TTS) technology can be helpful for anyone who needs to access written content in an auditory format, and it can provide a more inclusive and accessible way of communication for many ...All 123 chapters of the ‘Wonder’ book in one video! Learn about August “Auggie” who was born with distorted facial features. A beautiful, emotional & well wr...Feb 18, 2020 · It can be so easy to overthink the whole read aloud thing. Try not to. Pick a book you think will be engaging, open it up and read aloud while your kids color. Read for 15 minutes and then do it again the next day. It doesn’t have to be perfect (and it will for sure not be 99% of the time). Just keep going. Think-alouds have been described as “eavesdropping on someone’s thinking.”. With this strategy, teachers verbalize aloud while reading a selection orally. During a think-aloud, you read a text aloud while verbalizing thoughts, predictions, questions, connections, and reflections. This helps students understand how to actively engage with ... What is a Read Aloud? According to Reading Rockets (n.d.), "reading aloud is one of the most important things parents and teachers can do with children. Reading aloud builds many important foundational skills, introduces vocabulary, provides a model of fluent, expressive reading, and helps children recognize what reading for pleasure is all about".Read Aloud is a Firefox extension that uses text-to-speech technology to convert webpage text to audio. It works on a variety of websites, including news sites, blogs, fan fiction, publications, textbooks, school and class websites, online universities and course materials. Read Aloud is aimed at users who prefer to listen to content instead of ...ReadLoudly - Text to Speech. Read and Listen to Text Documents Online. Easily hear your text documents as audio books and experience the joy of hands-free …Free. Text To Speech Reader. Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly type/paste in text. Select language and click Play. Remembers text and caret position between sessions.Give the love of reading to a child in your community. Donate Now Keeping books in their hands and on their minds since 1986. Read Aloud West Virginia’s mission is to motivate children to WANT to read, because motivation is the critical first step in developing any skill.Trump had to sit silently as mocking memes about him were read aloud in court. Clarissa-Jan Lim. Updated April 17, ... Merchan apologized for any offense caused … Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly type/paste in text. Select language and click Play. Remembers text and caret position between sessions. Works on Chrome and Safari, desktop and mobile. Enjoy listening :) NaturalReader is text to speech app that reads text, PDF, webpages, and eBooks aloud to you with our quality, natural-sounding AI voices. NaturalReader is an essential tool for those with dyslexia and other reading difficulties. Open up your ears to a new reading experience with over 150 voices in over 20 languages. Just sit back, relax, and let us read to you.The stronger reader reads a paragraph or page first, providing a model of fluent reading. Then the less fluent reader reads the same text aloud. The stronger student gives help with word recognition and provides feedback and encouragement to the less fluent partner. The less fluent partner rereads the passage until he or she can read it ...Hey Happy Readers!! Welcome to our Children's Books Read Aloud! In this video we read one of the most popular children's books and bedtime stories, a winner...Immersive Reader is a feature that helps to improve reading skills for people of all ages and abilities. Immersive Reader shows text in a window where you can have it read aloud or formatted in ways that enhance reading, such as words divided into syllables, color coded and tagged for parts of speech, or extra spacing between words and lines.In reading aloud, an effective teacher serves as an orchestra conductor, coordinating conversation among students, foster-ing aesthetic and efferent text responses, pushing students’ text reaction past surface-level responses, and weaving an in-tricate network of meaning. Another key ingredient of effective read-alouds is purposeful selection ...Overall, the effect of read aloud tools on reading comprehension found here was significant and positive. However, consistent heterogeneity was found and explored through moderator analyses. For the moderator analyses, only a single, significant moderator emerged, namely whether the study design was a between- or within-subject study. Text to speech (TTS) is a technology that converts text into spoken audio. It can read aloud PDFs, websites, and books using natural AI voices. Text-to-speech (TTS) technology can be helpful for anyone who needs to access written content in an auditory format, and it can provide a more inclusive and accessible way of communication for many ... The Read Aloud function just stopped working one day and re-installation did not fix the problem. The icon is still present in the QuickBar, but can't be selected. The Read Aloud button is not under the review tab any more. I am using Microsoft Office Professional Plus, version 1803, Monthly Channel. PE.Read Aloud is a built-in feature of the Edge browser that reads the content of a webpage, eBook, or PDF, loud enough to be heard.You may think of it as a text-to-speech converter that allows you ...Starting at birth, reading with children puts them on a path to success. What happens during the first few years sets the stage for the rest of a child’s life. Spending time together while reading aloud helps to create strong parent-child bonds and promotes healthy brain development. Children that are read to more often have improved language ...Reach Out and Read’s impact is magnified by the generosity of thousands of volunteers nationwide. You can help support programs in your community by donating books (both new and gently-used), improving literacy-rich waiting rooms, and reading aloud to children at select program sites. We also encourage our supporters to teach their elected ...Read My Text Out Loud. Our cutting-edge text to speech reader is designed to read aloud online from text in Word documents, PDF files, EPUB ebooks and many more formats. It can read naturally, as a native speaker would speak to text. Read outloud everything from short recipes to full book volumes. Try out the word pronouncer audio on smaller ... Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly type/paste in text. Select language and click Play. Remembers text and caret position between sessions. Works on Chrome and Safari, desktop and mobile. Enjoy listening :) Google Assistant's built-in feature is great for hands (and eyes) free reading, accessibility, and custom read-aloud speed. Here's how it works.LibriVox audiobooks are read by volunteers from all over the world. Perhaps you would like to join us? Volunteer. Listen. LibriVox audiobooks are free for anyone to listen to, …Reach Out and Read’s impact is magnified by the generosity of thousands of volunteers nationwide. You can help support programs in your community by donating books (both new and gently-used), improving literacy-rich waiting rooms, and reading aloud to children at select program sites. We also encourage our supporters to teach their elected ...Mar 27, 2024 · Read Along is a free reading app for Android that helps children have fun while they learn to read. Read Along has an in-app reading buddy that listens to your young learner read aloud, offers assistance when they struggle and rewards them with stars when they do well – guiding them along as they progress. It works best for children who ... Mar 29, 2022 · Windows has long offered a screen reader and text-to-speech feature called Narrator. This tool can read web pages, text documents, and other files aloud, as well as speak every action you take in ... Immersive Reader is a feature that helps to improve reading skills for people of all ages and abilities. Immersive Reader shows text in a window where you can have it read aloud or formatted in ways that enhance reading, such as words divided into syllables, color coded and tagged for parts of speech, or extra spacing between words and lines.Sep 11, 2023 · But reading aloud can seem a little daunting, especially if you’re a new teacher. These 10 read-aloud tips from experienced teachers will help you build your story time skills and take your read-alouds to the next level. 1. Practice, practice, practice: Leana Malinowsky, a second-grade teacher in New Jersey, has been teaching for 13 years ... Every time a Read Aloud Delaware volunteer steps into a preschool classroom, a sea of eager hands shoots up, little voices shouting, "Pick me, pick me!" Our mission is to create a life-long impact through early childhood literacy. Our vision is for every child in Delaware to have the foundational literacy skills needed to succeed in school and ...Reading aloud has numerous benefits that can improve one's language skills, comprehension, and overall confidence. It helps in improving pronunciation and fluency, increases comprehension and retention, enhances public speaking skills, and boosts creativity and imagination. Improving pronunciation and fluency is one of the … What is a Read Aloud? According to Reading Rockets (n.d.), "reading aloud is one of the most important things parents and teachers can do with children. Reading aloud builds many important foundational skills, introduces vocabulary, provides a model of fluent, expressive reading, and helps children recognize what reading for pleasure is all about". Immersive Reader is a feature that helps to improve reading skills for people of all ages and abilities. Immersive Reader shows text in a window where you can have it read aloud or formatted in ways that enhance reading, such as words divided into syllables, color coded and tagged for parts of speech, or extra spacing between words and lines.Jan 25, 2019 · Interactive read-aloud is a whole-group instructional context in which you read aloud a selected text to the whole class, occasionally and selectively pausing for conversation. Students think about, talk about, and respond to the text as a whole group or in pairs, triads, or quads. Both reader and listeners actively process the language, ideas ... Reading aloud is the practice of reading from a book out loud to an audience of one or more. By its very nature reading aloud is interactive, sensory and can be hugely exciting for everyone. In Greek …LibriVox audiobooks are read by volunteers from all over the world. Perhaps you would like to join us? Volunteer. Listen. LibriVox audiobooks are free for anyone to listen to, …An interactive read aloud is a “systematic approach to reading aloud where the teacher models vocabulary development, reading fluency, and comprehension strategies, and requires the students to interact and become participants in their own learning” (Johnston, 2016, p.40).One of the Things I loved about Edge over other browsers. Is the ability to select text on any webpage and then right click and select "Read aloud Selection" and it would read only the text i had selected. some websites do not like the actual "Read Aloud" Ctrl+Shift+U function It cannot be enabled. but even on those websites I could select text …Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch.. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.. Other types … Reading 101. Explore reading basics as well as the key role of background knowledge and motivation in becoming a lifelong reader and learner. Watch our PBS Launching Young Readers series and try our self-paced Reading 101 course to deepen your understanding. Visit the Reading 101 Overview
While you still can't watch the trial of former President Donald Trump, you can now read daily transcripts of the historic hush money proceedings, the New York Court …. Citizen app chicago
Reading aloud, the teacher models “expressiveness and the sound of the author’s prose,” Lemov writes, “bringing the book to life.”. The teacher may add “brief pauses to explain or pronounce vocabulary …Reading aloud to them and giving them fresh ideas would push them to discover more about the things mentioned in the class. Students ages 5-12 need to be read aloud more often. Parents can make it their daily habit too as it helps their children improve their listening skills. It is also a good form of bonding between parents and children.The interrupting chicken series is the BEST! Read aloud this series of kindergarten books in any order. In this story, Little Red Chicken loves to modify the stories his dad reads aloud. This morning, Little Red Chicken adds cookies to the nursery rhymes. Eventually, Papa suggests that instead of cookies for breakfast, they have cake…a …Step 6: Choose what you want to be read aloud. Select “Speak selection” to read the highlighted text or “Speak from the cursor location” to read from a specific point in the document. Highlight the text you want to be read aloud and choose “Speak selection”, or place the cursor where you want the reading to begin and select “Speak ...Read Aloud 15 MINUTES is a non-profit organization that is bringing together partners nationwide to make 15 minutes of daily reading aloud the new parenting standard. When every child is read aloud to for 15 minutes every day from birth, more children will be ready to learn when they enter kindergarten, more children will have the literacy skills needed …When I select read aloud, or try to have the function read aloud only a small segment of text, the read aloud menu opens at the top of the screen (with the play, previous, and next buttons) and the blue loading bar starts cycling, but then it never actually starts reading. The pdf just loads indefinitely.Basics: Fluency. Fluency is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression.Fluent reading builds stamina for reading lengthy or complex texts. Reading fluency serves as a bridge between word recognition and comprehension. When fluent readers read silently, they recognize words automatically. Once you enter Reader Mode, start using tools like Read Aloud, Text preferences, Grammar tools and Reading preferences. To enter Reader Mode, use Microsoft Edge to visit a website you want to read. Select Enter Immersive Reader in the address bar or use the keyboard shortcut F9 . To exit Immersive reader, select Exit Immersive Reader in the ... Listen up to 9x faster with Speechify’s ultra realistic text to speech software that lets you read faster than the average reading speed, without skipping out on the best AI voices. Try for free. ... Text to speech, also known as TTS, read aloud, or even speech synthesis. It simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; ...Read Along is a free app from Google that helps children learn to read with fun and engaging stories. The app provides audio feedback, rewards, and games to motivate …The emotional benefits of reading aloud. Reading with your child is a practice that creates space for deeper independent learning and exploring. It doesn't matter if it's a traditional book ... A read aloud becomes intentional when you plan to use the book to model and teach proficient reading behaviors. The focus of the Intentional Read Aloud is always on understanding, engaging with, and enjoying the book. Think and talk about books with children before, during, and after reading. Model fluent reading. 1940. Free. Get. ReadAloud is a very powerful text-to-speech app which can read aloud web pages, news, documents, e-books or your own custom contents. ReadAloud can help with your busy life by reading aloud your articles while you continue with your other tasks. This app can be of great help to students with their reading assignments and also ...Basics: Fluency. Fluency is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression.Fluent reading builds stamina for reading lengthy or complex texts. Reading fluency serves as a bridge between word recognition and comprehension. When fluent readers read silently, they recognize words automatically.Read Aloud Worksheets. Reading aloud encourages students to practice their oral and pronunciation skills. It's best for teachers to read the stories to the class just before and immediately after passing out the papers. Students can be paired or put in small groups to practice reading passages out loud to each other. Volunteers can demonstrate ...Google Assistant's built-in feature is great for hands (and eyes) free reading, accessibility, and custom read-aloud speed. Here's how it works.Reading aloud is, according to the landmark 1985 report "Becoming a Nation of Readers," "the single most important activity for building the knowledge required for eventual success in reading." Despite this advice, however, some educators and many parents don't read aloud to children from a young age and thus fail to nurture avid and skilled ....