Лекция: Insurance
A great variety of risks can nowadays be covered by insurance. Some of the commoner risks which are usual for businesses and private individuals are as follows: the destruction of property by fire, losses arising from burglary or other causes, goods in transit, motor vehicles, third party claims arising out of accidents, From past experience the probability of many risks can be calculated with great accuracy.
In Great Britain insurance business is conducted by insurance companies. The client or the prospective insured first approaches the insurance broker who then puts the client in touch with the insurer.
The insurer issues an insurance policy for the insured. It is a document setting out the exact terms and conditions of the insurance transaction, It states the precise risk covered, the period of cover and any exceptions there may be. The insured is to pay a premium the size of which is stated in the policy. In many countries insurance against sickness, unemployment and old age is undertaken by the state. In Great Britain this insurance is undertaken by the state through the National Health Service. The employees' contributions are deducted from their wages and salaries.
The main benefits of this insurance include: retirement pensions, unemployment benefits, or reliefs, sickness benefits, maternity grants, industrial injuries, family allowances.
One of the main branches of insurance is life insurance. It is a comparatively recent type of insurance. Life insurance is different from all other branches of insurance. In case of insurance there all is no certainty that the insured may face the risk against which he has been insured. The risk may never occur. But in case of life assurance the risk is certain to occur sooner or later. The only uncertainty is the time of occurrences. There are two types of life assurance: endowment and whole lifeassurance.
Endowment assurance is provided for a special number of years or until the attainmentof a certain age. The sum assured is paid either at the agreed time or onthe death of the assured.
Whole life is less popular. The premiums must be paid to the assuror until the death of the insured.
Premiums tor endowment and whole lifeassurance are paid quarterly or annually.
Industrial assurance is a branch of life assurance. Industrial assurance policies are usually for small amounts. The premiums arecollected weekly by the company's agents.
The largest life assurance company in Great Britain is Prudential Assurance Co., established in 1845. Besides all kinds of life assurance Prudential Assurance Company undertakes many types of insurance.
Many banks provide various insurance services: home protector, travel protector, private medical insurance, lifeassurance, accident and sickness insurance, personalloan protector, mortgage repayments protector.
Marine insurance is the branch of insurance of ships and their cargoes. It is perhaps the oldest kind of insurance.
This type of business is undertaken in Great Britain by Llod's underwriters, marine insurance companies and marine insurance brokers. Brokers are usually employed by shippers to approach Llod's underwriters in order to obtain the cover.
In all these cases the average adjuster or the independent insurance specialist makes an average adjustment to assess the losses and to split them between the insurance company or the underwriters, the ship-owners, the owners of the" cargo and other involved if such is the case.
Lloyd's is best known as a centre of marine insurance, but at the same time all kinds of insurance are practiced there. In fact, at the present day marine insurance comprises less than half the total business undertaken. Almost anything can be insured there as well:aircraft, communication satellites, civil engineering projects, livestock and so on.
Besides they do some business in travels, publishing and land. It exists because it has evolved over the centuries to meet the needs of the day. Lloyd's motto Fidentiameans confidence in the future.
II. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие слова, переведите их и выучите:
established, besides, comparatively, confidence, largest, owner, advertising, adjustment, allowance, sickness, usually, contribution, to mean, engineering, directly, deducted, less, repayment, adjuster, oldest, to occur against, communications, certainly,publishing, known, mishap, these occurance, weekly, accuracy.
III. Образуйте от следующих основ как молено больше родственных слое, переведите их на русский язык:
employ
negoti
insure
pay
ship
IV. Разделите текст на смысловые части, озаглавьте каждую из них.
V. Найдите в тексте слова с отрицательными суффиксами и префиксами, их адекватный перевод.
VI. Переведите на русский язык:
to undertake insurance premium
endowment assurance underwriter to split losses
to evolve over the centuries average adjustmentto assure smb
VII. Найдите предложение, которое наиболее соответствует содержанию следующей фразе текста:
«Lloyd's exists because it has evolved over the centuries to meet the needs of the day»
VIII. В следующих предложениях определите видо-временную форму глаголов или укажите неличные формы, называя их:
1. Besides they do some business in travels, publishing and land.
2. A great variety of risks can nowadays be covered by insurance.
3. In case of insurance there all is no certainty that the insured may face the risk against which he has been insured.
4. In all these cases the average adjuster or the independent insurance specialist makes an average adjustment to assess the losses and to split them between the insurancecompany or the underwriters,the ship-owners, the owners of the cargo and other involved if such is the case.
5. The premiums must be paid to the assurer until thedeath of theinsured.
IX. Найдите в тексте синонимы следующих слов:
illness
deal
therebe
to estimate
to happen
to run business
customer
to declare
IX. Составьте слова с их определениями:
to jettison — to quit a job because of the old age mortgage- marine load
salary — to throw away the cargo in case of average
to retire — a fixed sum of money paid monthly or weekly
cargo — a kind of transaction when someone's property is taken as a
security
XI. Переведите на английский язык:
удовлетворять требованиям познакомить (связать) кого-либо с кем-либо сталкиваться с чем-либо достижение определенного возраста предоставлять услуги
XII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
— What types of insurance are practiced in the United Kingdom?
— What Nat West insurance service would you prefer if you arc going: to travel abroad; to buy a house; to have your life assured; to insure yourself against accidents; to borrow a loan?
— What is Lloyd's best known for?
— What variety of services do British banks traditionally provide?
— Which looks more complicated to you marine insurance or life assurance? Why so?
XIII. Скажите, расширяет ли информация, данная в текста, ваше понимание освещаемого вопроса Каким образом вы можете использовать эту информацию при работе по специальности.
Прочитайте тексты и выполните задания
INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
In the past English industrial prosperity rested on a few important products, such as textiles, coal and heavy machinery. Now the U.K. has a great variety of industries, for example heavy and light industry, chemical, aircraft, electrical, automobile and many other industries. The United Kingdom is considered one of the world's major manufacturing nations. Now high technology industries are more developed than heavy engineering. Heavy engineering and other traditional industries have experienced a certain decline. Certain areas are traditionally noted for various types of industries. For instance, Newcastle is famous for coal industry, the county of Lancashire tor its textile industry. The Midlands, or the central counties of England-are famous for the production of machinery, coal, motor cars and chemicals. In recent times regional industrial distinctions have become less clear as more and more new factories are built in the different parts of the country. Speaking about the cities of the United Kingdom the first mention should he made of London, the capital of the U.K. It is a big port on the River Thames, a major commercial, industrial centre.
Leeds is a centre of clothing industry producing woolen articles. Glasgow is a major port on the River Clyde where shipbuilding industry is developed. Liverpool on the River Mersey is a flour milling and engineering centre. Birmingham is an iron and steel centre. Manchester is famous for textiles manufacturing.
Three-quarters of the United Kingdom's land is dedicated to agriculture. About two per cent of the populations of the United Kingdom are engaged in agriculture, but the yields of English farms and pastures are very high. Wheat, barley, oats and potatoes are the most important crops grown. Sheep, cattle and pigs are the most numerous types of livestock. Sheep is a source of both wool for textile industry and mutton for food industry. Mutton is the best liked English meat.
/. Найдите английские эквиваленты в тексте:
1. Сейчас в Англии развиты различные отрасли промышленности.
2. Англия считается одной из основных промышленно развитых стран.
3. Некоторые районы традиционно славятся той или иной отраслью промышленности.
4. В последнее время региональные различна по отраслям промышленности стали менее заметными.
5. Все больше и больше новых предприятий появляется в различных частях страны.
6. тяжелая промышленность, тяжелое машиностроение, продукция тяжелого машиностроения, химическая промышленность, угольная промышленность, авиационная промышленность, электротехническая промышленность, автомобильная промышленность, промышленность высоких технологий, легкая промышленность, текстильная промышленность, швейная промышленность.
XI. Найдите ответы на следующие, вопросы в тексте:
1. What industries were developed in England in the past?
2. What industries are developed in the U.K. at present?
3. Are high technology industries now developed more than heavy engineering?
4. What coal industry center is mentioned in the text?
5. What is a famous textile center in the U.K.?
6. What arc the Midlands famous for?
7. How are the following cities: London, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool, Birmingham
and Manchester, characterized?
8. What part of the population is engaged in agriculture?
9. What are most important crops grown in Britain?
10. What is the livestock in Britain?